Takumarology
(Takumar Study)
Genesis
The 108 M42 Takumar lenses came into production as batches in different ways and their Serial numbers can show this history.
Approximately 6470 batches among 91,000 copies are identified (Dec. 2023). Batch sizes observed (defined by consecutive SN's) are < 10 to > 85,000 (product number 37101) copies.
The 108 M42 Takumar lenses came into production as batches in different ways and their Serial numbers can show this history.
Approximately 6470 batches among 91,000 copies are identified (Dec. 2023). Batch sizes observed (defined by consecutive SN's) are < 10 to > 85,000 (product number 37101) copies.
Takumar Lenses
Updated and corrected Dec 2021. Total 7,597,107 (est.) copies.
Serial numbers reach greater numbers than actual copies produced. Significant gaps in the production of lenses appear from the early 1960"s. (See below)
Aperture :
|
manual (1 ring)
pre-set (2 rings) semi-automatic (ring + lever) manual - automatic select (switch) fully automatic (switch + pins) or "open aperture metering" |
Serial Numbers :
シリアルNo: (SN) |
Takumar Field Guide (2021)
|
Dates:
|
Development,
Production Marketing. |
First and final observed production model Serial Numbers シリアルNo. (excluding early experimental prototypes)
Later models with replaced bezels from authorised spare parts made after production runs could account for some large single SN's.
Regardless, evidence shows some batches were produced in the 1980's along with 6x7 format lenses.
Later models with replaced bezels from authorised spare parts made after production runs could account for some large single SN's.
Regardless, evidence shows some batches were produced in the 1980's along with 6x7 format lenses.
Model numbers
Lenses originally designed for the Asahiflex cameras had none. In 1957 Asahi optical Co. introduced model numbers for Asahi Pentax lenses using 3, 4 and then, by 1965, 5 numerals to help in the repair of products. They were used in repair manuals but later inscribed onto the rear of the auto - manual switch of automatic lenses.
Lenses originally designed for the Asahiflex cameras had none. In 1957 Asahi optical Co. introduced model numbers for Asahi Pentax lenses using 3, 4 and then, by 1965, 5 numerals to help in the repair of products. They were used in repair manuals but later inscribed onto the rear of the auto - manual switch of automatic lenses.
Serial Numbers
It is thought that Asahi Optical Co.Ltd. aspired to give each Takumar a unique serial number. The numerical series began in 1953 using 4 numerals with a prefix on lenses for the Press Van and Asahiflex cameras and continued through the screw mount era and 6x7 camera lenses (to 7 numerals). Prefixes evolved into different forms, but were removed in the 1960's (See below).
M42 Takumars serial numbers began at 100000 (Japan) to 130000 (export) and duplicates are very rare (?, or do not exist). The final batch of Super-Multi-Coated 28mm TAKUMARS (43872) in 1977 is SN 8419613. Gaps in serial numbering exist to accomodate; 6x7 and 67 format lenses introduced from 1969 onwards; the production of spares parts; the relocation of factories and other issues as discussed below.
With some few exceptions Serial numbers on lenses are normally white. In the period 1969 - 1970 a few copies of the last standard Super-Takumars were given special red serial numbers; probably for commemoration, presentation or display. Several noted are; Super-Takumar 1:1.8 /55mm (37101) SN 2401935 SN 4043678 and Super-Takumar 1:1.8 /50mm (37801) SN 4233139. These few are among the large batches of the mass produced standard Super-Takumars just prior to their replacement by Super-Multi-Coated lenses. Their namesakes had performed on Asahi Pentax cameras since 1961. Two Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.4/50mm (37902) SN 4790093 and 4954701 were found with all red lettering on the nameplate a little later. These few may have been issued to commemorate significant production milestones or for display or as presentations to new or special customers, or staff.
All standard 1:2/55 mm Super-Takumar and SMC models (viz. 345-3, 345-6, 37102, 37103, 37107 and 37109) have yellow numerals on aperture rings and the “1:2/55” on nameplates. The only exceptions are the earliest copies of the first model. (P.S. 1:2/55 lenses named “Super-Multi-Coated” do not exist.)
Of course after-market customisation is possible (as below) where distance units and numerals 3.5, f8 and f11 are custom hi-lighted.
It is thought that Asahi Optical Co.Ltd. aspired to give each Takumar a unique serial number. The numerical series began in 1953 using 4 numerals with a prefix on lenses for the Press Van and Asahiflex cameras and continued through the screw mount era and 6x7 camera lenses (to 7 numerals). Prefixes evolved into different forms, but were removed in the 1960's (See below).
M42 Takumars serial numbers began at 100000 (Japan) to 130000 (export) and duplicates are very rare (?, or do not exist). The final batch of Super-Multi-Coated 28mm TAKUMARS (43872) in 1977 is SN 8419613. Gaps in serial numbering exist to accomodate; 6x7 and 67 format lenses introduced from 1969 onwards; the production of spares parts; the relocation of factories and other issues as discussed below.
With some few exceptions Serial numbers on lenses are normally white. In the period 1969 - 1970 a few copies of the last standard Super-Takumars were given special red serial numbers; probably for commemoration, presentation or display. Several noted are; Super-Takumar 1:1.8 /55mm (37101) SN 2401935 SN 4043678 and Super-Takumar 1:1.8 /50mm (37801) SN 4233139. These few are among the large batches of the mass produced standard Super-Takumars just prior to their replacement by Super-Multi-Coated lenses. Their namesakes had performed on Asahi Pentax cameras since 1961. Two Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.4/50mm (37902) SN 4790093 and 4954701 were found with all red lettering on the nameplate a little later. These few may have been issued to commemorate significant production milestones or for display or as presentations to new or special customers, or staff.
All standard 1:2/55 mm Super-Takumar and SMC models (viz. 345-3, 345-6, 37102, 37103, 37107 and 37109) have yellow numerals on aperture rings and the “1:2/55” on nameplates. The only exceptions are the earliest copies of the first model. (P.S. 1:2/55 lenses named “Super-Multi-Coated” do not exist.)
Of course after-market customisation is possible (as below) where distance units and numerals 3.5, f8 and f11 are custom hi-lighted.
Serial Number Continuity
The hypothesis that all Takumar lenses have unique serial numbers is supported.
However, that doesn’t always apply to lenses of different kinds from adjacent batches. On very rare occasions (19 in all, or 0.03% of such batches), the last copy produced in a batch with serial number (n), is followed by the first copy of the lens in the next batch also with serial number (n), instead of (n+1). I have long puzzled over this as an error on my part because it hasn’t been previously reported. I then realized that no one else is likely to have access to this information. I have checked and re-checked myself to be convinced that this phenomenon may be real. It is definitely human error, either mine, or another's (or both) and infinitesimally insignificant. Just in case you think I'm being curmudgeonly, on a good day I believe the error is a keyboard stroke misfire, but the analysis below allows otherwise. The best part of this dithering is that it underlines the truth of the above tenet (and my keyboard needs a good clean).
So, only adjacent batches of different lenses very rarely have the same serial number because of this kind of lapse in continuity. To date I have recorded over 68,000 lenses in over 5,800 batches. In the first 1 million serial numbers I found two pairs of batches sharing a serial number. Then in the mid 1960’s just after 2.5 million serial numbers 6 close-packed examples appear. Only one example occurs up to 4 million; another two around 5 million. Three appear up to 6 million (now including 6x7 lenses); one up to 7 million and four up to 8 million, all involving 6x7 lenses.
I am sharing this information for historical reasons. These observations may follow historical trends in the complexity of manufacture when staff and procedures would be facing greatest demands. But, I have not been able to hold, or observe two lenses with identical serial numbers simultaneously. Actual details can be supplied if needed.
(These comments don't apply to AOCo publications. "Artistic licence", or other rules apply, because serial numbers on illustrations in brochures are often fictitious (i.e. re-used serial numbers).
The hypothesis that all Takumar lenses have unique serial numbers is supported.
However, that doesn’t always apply to lenses of different kinds from adjacent batches. On very rare occasions (19 in all, or 0.03% of such batches), the last copy produced in a batch with serial number (n), is followed by the first copy of the lens in the next batch also with serial number (n), instead of (n+1). I have long puzzled over this as an error on my part because it hasn’t been previously reported. I then realized that no one else is likely to have access to this information. I have checked and re-checked myself to be convinced that this phenomenon may be real. It is definitely human error, either mine, or another's (or both) and infinitesimally insignificant. Just in case you think I'm being curmudgeonly, on a good day I believe the error is a keyboard stroke misfire, but the analysis below allows otherwise. The best part of this dithering is that it underlines the truth of the above tenet (and my keyboard needs a good clean).
So, only adjacent batches of different lenses very rarely have the same serial number because of this kind of lapse in continuity. To date I have recorded over 68,000 lenses in over 5,800 batches. In the first 1 million serial numbers I found two pairs of batches sharing a serial number. Then in the mid 1960’s just after 2.5 million serial numbers 6 close-packed examples appear. Only one example occurs up to 4 million; another two around 5 million. Three appear up to 6 million (now including 6x7 lenses); one up to 7 million and four up to 8 million, all involving 6x7 lenses.
I am sharing this information for historical reasons. These observations may follow historical trends in the complexity of manufacture when staff and procedures would be facing greatest demands. But, I have not been able to hold, or observe two lenses with identical serial numbers simultaneously. Actual details can be supplied if needed.
(These comments don't apply to AOCo publications. "Artistic licence", or other rules apply, because serial numbers on illustrations in brochures are often fictitious (i.e. re-used serial numbers).
Gaps in Serial Number Sequence
Sharing by lens types
Small gaps (1-2K) in the use of consecutive serial numbers appear regularly after 1960 as a result of the production methods used ("just in time"). These gaps are generally small, regularly spaced and in pairs. AOCo used a single serial number sequence exclusively for M42 Takumars from 1957 to 1969. From then onwards the sequence is shared for producing lenses such as 6x7 Takumars and 67 Pentax for their large format cameras. Post script: The small gaps are dissappearing as the database size is enlarged. They may be much fewer than Iat first suspected.
Relocating factories
Significant gaps in the serial number sequence occur when the company relocated factories or experienced other interruptions to lens production (e.g. in the late 1960's).
Production of spares for repair services
Final batches of serial numbers for some lenses (e.g. Takumar 5/500 and Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 4.5/500) include unique serial numbers on bezels for lens repairers.
Last Batch in 1975
The last batch (Super-Multi-Coated TAKUMAR 28 mm) was completed in 1975 with its last observed lens SN 8,419,613. Beyond this batch are eleven single lenses of 11 different lenses that carry widely spaced SN's. Their serial numbers run from 8474600 to 9924577. So mass production of batches of M42 Takumars effectively ceased in 1975. Those individual lenses with higher serial numbers are possibly from post-production repair or replacement.
SN Gaps
A total of 120 observed gaps containing 410,262 unused serial numbers are listed below. The accuracy of their SN limits is approximate and can increase with more data.
Available SN
First SN is assumed to be 130000 and last SN is 8419613. Total available SN's is therefore 8,289,613 of which 7,636,884 are M42 Takumars, 410,262 are unused; making an estimated 242,467 remainder available for 6x7 Takumar and 67 Pentax lenses up to 1975. This can be tested with a frequency summary for the 6x7 Field Guide which is in preparation.
Sharing by lens types
Small gaps (1-2K) in the use of consecutive serial numbers appear regularly after 1960 as a result of the production methods used ("just in time"). These gaps are generally small, regularly spaced and in pairs. AOCo used a single serial number sequence exclusively for M42 Takumars from 1957 to 1969. From then onwards the sequence is shared for producing lenses such as 6x7 Takumars and 67 Pentax for their large format cameras. Post script: The small gaps are dissappearing as the database size is enlarged. They may be much fewer than Iat first suspected.
Relocating factories
Significant gaps in the serial number sequence occur when the company relocated factories or experienced other interruptions to lens production (e.g. in the late 1960's).
Production of spares for repair services
Final batches of serial numbers for some lenses (e.g. Takumar 5/500 and Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 4.5/500) include unique serial numbers on bezels for lens repairers.
Last Batch in 1975
The last batch (Super-Multi-Coated TAKUMAR 28 mm) was completed in 1975 with its last observed lens SN 8,419,613. Beyond this batch are eleven single lenses of 11 different lenses that carry widely spaced SN's. Their serial numbers run from 8474600 to 9924577. So mass production of batches of M42 Takumars effectively ceased in 1975. Those individual lenses with higher serial numbers are possibly from post-production repair or replacement.
SN Gaps
A total of 120 observed gaps containing 410,262 unused serial numbers are listed below. The accuracy of their SN limits is approximate and can increase with more data.
Available SN
First SN is assumed to be 130000 and last SN is 8419613. Total available SN's is therefore 8,289,613 of which 7,636,884 are M42 Takumars, 410,262 are unused; making an estimated 242,467 remainder available for 6x7 Takumar and 67 Pentax lenses up to 1975. This can be tested with a frequency summary for the 6x7 Field Guide which is in preparation.
Assembling Takumars
Lens assembly could be affected by the late arrival or shortage of individual parts like nameplates as noted earlier. Assembly relied upon a steady supply of components from manufacturers. Multiple suppliers were involved. Suppliers of the same part often made them in subtly different ways, deliberately. Thus parts from a particular supplier can be identified.
Mid-1960’s lens cases, for example, were made by at least two suppliers as illustrated in the discussion of the accessories for the Super-Takumar 1:1.4/ 50mm (see: Takumarology). Case straps were attached by two styles of chrome-plated buckles. One maker used square buckles; the other buckles with a rounded side; just one of several minor differences between cases made by the two main suppliers.
Lenses were also assembled from parts provided by different makers. Focus rings (and the number of finger grips around them) vary between lenses of different diameter. Finger grips have evolved to contain a certain number of grooves; a number later varied by different makers.
When standard Asahiflex lenses became Asahi Pentax lenses, Takumars gained their first “coarse” finger grips; all with 10 grooves. The number seems to have had early significance, as 10 blades were also used in early Takumar diaphragms. As new lenses were designed the number began to change (see: Collection). It decreased and then increased, stabilized and was fixed (again usually at 10) by the end of the Super-Takumar period.
During a large part of the early Super-Takumar period batches of lenses have focus rings containing finger grips with 8-11 grooves, but mainly either ten or eleven scattered throughout each batch. It’s typical of standard lenses produced in the early 1960’s. This seems to have been because different suppliers made them so and another clue as to the way assembly was made to work.
Lens assembly could be affected by the late arrival or shortage of individual parts like nameplates as noted earlier. Assembly relied upon a steady supply of components from manufacturers. Multiple suppliers were involved. Suppliers of the same part often made them in subtly different ways, deliberately. Thus parts from a particular supplier can be identified.
Mid-1960’s lens cases, for example, were made by at least two suppliers as illustrated in the discussion of the accessories for the Super-Takumar 1:1.4/ 50mm (see: Takumarology). Case straps were attached by two styles of chrome-plated buckles. One maker used square buckles; the other buckles with a rounded side; just one of several minor differences between cases made by the two main suppliers.
Lenses were also assembled from parts provided by different makers. Focus rings (and the number of finger grips around them) vary between lenses of different diameter. Finger grips have evolved to contain a certain number of grooves; a number later varied by different makers.
When standard Asahiflex lenses became Asahi Pentax lenses, Takumars gained their first “coarse” finger grips; all with 10 grooves. The number seems to have had early significance, as 10 blades were also used in early Takumar diaphragms. As new lenses were designed the number began to change (see: Collection). It decreased and then increased, stabilized and was fixed (again usually at 10) by the end of the Super-Takumar period.
During a large part of the early Super-Takumar period batches of lenses have focus rings containing finger grips with 8-11 grooves, but mainly either ten or eleven scattered throughout each batch. It’s typical of standard lenses produced in the early 1960’s. This seems to have been because different suppliers made them so and another clue as to the way assembly was made to work.
Super-multi-coated lenses
When light crosses a boundary from one medium to another (glass to air /air to glass) thin layers of substances between can help light to do so more efficiently. A layer made of the right materials can reduce internal reflection and increase the efficiency of a lens from low 90% transmission of light to high 90% transmission, or approximately 6-9%. Asahi Pentax introduced 7-layered lens coatings in 1971 labelling such lenses as "Super-multi-coated" and making them widely available to amateur photographers for the first time. Other lenses (earlier Super-Takumars and non Super-multi-coated lenses) were given elements that received single layer coatings (see below).
The introduction coincided with the launch of the second zoom lens made by Asahi Pentax which contains 11 elements (and thus 22 boundaries to cause internal scattering of light) as well as fish-eye and ultra-wide Takumars with many lens elements and corresponding efficiency problems. Super-multi-coating remedied the problem and lifted the efficiency of Takumar lenses to keep and to earn their acclaim.
Lenses with "Super-multi-coated" lens elements were first introduced in the following consecutive batches according to SN order. "SMC" was used on later versions and M42 copies were produced with contemporary lenses for 6x7 Takumar and 67 Pentax cameras for many years.
When light crosses a boundary from one medium to another (glass to air /air to glass) thin layers of substances between can help light to do so more efficiently. A layer made of the right materials can reduce internal reflection and increase the efficiency of a lens from low 90% transmission of light to high 90% transmission, or approximately 6-9%. Asahi Pentax introduced 7-layered lens coatings in 1971 labelling such lenses as "Super-multi-coated" and making them widely available to amateur photographers for the first time. Other lenses (earlier Super-Takumars and non Super-multi-coated lenses) were given elements that received single layer coatings (see below).
The introduction coincided with the launch of the second zoom lens made by Asahi Pentax which contains 11 elements (and thus 22 boundaries to cause internal scattering of light) as well as fish-eye and ultra-wide Takumars with many lens elements and corresponding efficiency problems. Super-multi-coating remedied the problem and lifted the efficiency of Takumar lenses to keep and to earn their acclaim.
Lenses with "Super-multi-coated" lens elements were first introduced in the following consecutive batches according to SN order. "SMC" was used on later versions and M42 copies were produced with contemporary lenses for 6x7 Takumar and 67 Pentax cameras for many years.
43772
43661 43691 43661 43772 43701 43661 |
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR-ZOOM 1:4.5/85-210
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4.5/500 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:8/1000 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4.5/500 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR-ZOOM 1:4.5/85-210 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:5.6/400 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4.5/500 |
3923748-3925341(first batch)
3925360-3925409 3925504-3925544 3925588 3925759 (second batch) 3925951-3925977 3925995 |
Other coated lens were introduced gradually, usually in single batches amongst other non-coated lenses. Initial batches appear in the following order, according to SN.
43502
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:2.8/105
|
4187478-4189957
|
43762
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4/200
|
4208657-4209930
|
37902
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.4/50
|
4331974
|
37101
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.8/55
|
4356825-4357276 (no open aperture metering)
|
43892
43952 |
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4/300
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4.5/20 |
4399321-4399768
4399908-4399970 |
43742
43641 |
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:4/150
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.9/85 |
4406975-4407282
4407627-4408298 |
43912
|
Super-multi-coated MACRO-TAKUMAR 1:4/50
|
4410060-4419929
|
43962
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:3.5/24
|
4423269-4429816
|
43872
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:3.5/28
|
4437366-4437683
|
43572
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:3.5/35
|
4447225-4449994
|
43542
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:3.5/135
|
4450787-4454164
|
43932
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:2/35
|
4490010-4499961
|
37104
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.8/55
|
4668518
|
43802
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:2.5/135 model I
|
4722433-4729491
|
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:2.8/105
|
4785663
|
43601
|
Super-multi-coated BELLOWS-TAKUMAR 1:4/100
|
4786072-4786145
|
6x7 TAKUMAR
6x7 TAKUMAR 6x7 TAKUMAR |
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/200
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:3.5/55 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:2.4/150 |
4791206
4791289 4791303 |
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4.5/75
|
4797302-4797473
|
43982
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:2.8/120
|
4832117
|
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/300
|
4840195-4840212
|
43832
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:1.8/85
|
4846913-4849985
|
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
Super-multi-coated FISH-EYE-TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4.5/35
|
4917924-4918003
|
37108
|
SMC TAKUMAR 1:1.8/55
|
5001579
|
43990
37908
43842
43601
6x7 TAKUMAR 6x7 TAKUMAR
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
SMC TAKUMAR-ZOOM 1:6.7/135-600
SMC TAKUMAR 1:1.4/50
Super-multi-coated FISH-EYE-TAKUMAR 1:4/17
Super-multi-coated MACRO-TAKUMAR 1:4/100
Super-multi-coated MACRO-TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/135 Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:2.8/90 LS
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/400
|
5054417
5346149-5346409
5390003-5390151
5451168-5451336
5451437 5558479
5700637
|
43812
6x7 TAKUMAR
|
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 1:2.5/135 model II
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/800
|
6133416
6384011
|
37109
|
SMC TAKUMAR 1:2/55
|
6576132
|
44002
|
SMC TAKUMAR 1:3.5/15
|
7129934-7129972
|
44012
|
SMC TAKUMAR-ZOOM 1:6.7/45-125
|
7370224-7371306
|
6x7 TAKUMAR
6x7 TAKUMAR |
SMC REFLEX-TAKUMAR 6x7 1:8/1000
Super-multi-coated TAKUMAR 6x7 1:4/600 |
7584503-7584508
7585480 |
6x7 PENTAX
|
SMC PENTAX 67 1:5.6/500
|
8209881
|
67 PENTAX
|
SMC PENTAX SHIFT 67 1:4.5/75
|
8246929-8247024
|
67 PENTAX
67 PENTAX |
SMC PENTAX 6x7 1:4/45
SMC PENTAX -67 1:4/55 |
8269520
8269601-8269859 |
SMC PENTAX 6x7 1:2.8/90
|
1.4 / 50mm Takumars
Development and Production
(See also http://home.a00.itscom.net/shisan12/8takumarstoryB.htm ) Development of products is recognised by stages.
Stages are based on the width of the Iris ring (Aperture adjusting ring). Increasing the width of this ring made adjustment easier for those with large fingers and the red R (marking central focus of Infra-red radiation) was too cramped and had to go, leaving the red bar to finish alone. All 8 element or Model 1 (Product 358) lenses have a red bar on the inside (RHS) of the f4 mark; between the f4 mark and the zero index of the depth of field gauge (DOF). The earliest copies have an additional red “R”. The zero index is a red line ending in a red dot which is replaced by a red "diamond" (rhomboid).
Stage 1 is defined by the number of half stops and the shape of the zero index. 1A can be separated from 1B only in the hand. Only Stage 1A has available the first and last of all 7 possible half-stops. By 1962 all leading 55mm Auto-Takumars and Super-Takumars have available 6 half-stops. The development of this lens resulted in 5 half stops being adopted for all future 50mmm and 55mm Takumars. The numbers of finger grips in focus rings and aperture rings and their grooves is near constant for all 50mm lenses. Early batches of 358 have different numbers of grooves in their aperture ring grips.
Because they carry 1962 legacy features it is possible that some stages are prototypes made during early development of the Spotmatic. The first batch of 1200 lenses made before the Spotmatic was launched in July 1964 contains copies of the first 4 stages (1A, 1B, 1C and 2). These can be viewed as prototypes and those that follow as the definitive production stages that evolved along with other contemporary Takumars. A dedicated lens hood marked "Takumar 1: 1.4 50 mm" first became available for stage 3 lenses.
Stages 3A and 3B are quite similar. The depth of field indicator is printed on a thin aluminum plate attached to the focus ring (not directly printed on the focus ring) using a method devised for the late stage of "Auto-Takumar 1: 1.8 / 55". Lettering on the Aluminium plate is marginally finer and has paler metal, if scratched. Early copies of Aluminium plate lenses may appear in Stage 2 as early as 1031xxx. Some copies also seem to have paler anodized aluminium focus rings. Stage 2: Lenses in batches 38-40 can be either stage 2 or 3A. (The earliest aluminium plated copy I have is SN 1557619. This allows at least 30,000 copies of 3B).
All Stage 4 copies (37800) and beyond have their model numbers inscribed into the back of their aperture switches making them readily identifiable. Worldwide magazine advertisements for the SPOTMATIC camera heralded the peak of popularity in 1968. They illustrate stage 5 (model 37801); the version produced in greatest number.
(See also http://home.a00.itscom.net/shisan12/8takumarstoryB.htm ) Development of products is recognised by stages.
Stages are based on the width of the Iris ring (Aperture adjusting ring). Increasing the width of this ring made adjustment easier for those with large fingers and the red R (marking central focus of Infra-red radiation) was too cramped and had to go, leaving the red bar to finish alone. All 8 element or Model 1 (Product 358) lenses have a red bar on the inside (RHS) of the f4 mark; between the f4 mark and the zero index of the depth of field gauge (DOF). The earliest copies have an additional red “R”. The zero index is a red line ending in a red dot which is replaced by a red "diamond" (rhomboid).
Stage 1 is defined by the number of half stops and the shape of the zero index. 1A can be separated from 1B only in the hand. Only Stage 1A has available the first and last of all 7 possible half-stops. By 1962 all leading 55mm Auto-Takumars and Super-Takumars have available 6 half-stops. The development of this lens resulted in 5 half stops being adopted for all future 50mmm and 55mm Takumars. The numbers of finger grips in focus rings and aperture rings and their grooves is near constant for all 50mm lenses. Early batches of 358 have different numbers of grooves in their aperture ring grips.
Because they carry 1962 legacy features it is possible that some stages are prototypes made during early development of the Spotmatic. The first batch of 1200 lenses made before the Spotmatic was launched in July 1964 contains copies of the first 4 stages (1A, 1B, 1C and 2). These can be viewed as prototypes and those that follow as the definitive production stages that evolved along with other contemporary Takumars. A dedicated lens hood marked "Takumar 1: 1.4 50 mm" first became available for stage 3 lenses.
Stages 3A and 3B are quite similar. The depth of field indicator is printed on a thin aluminum plate attached to the focus ring (not directly printed on the focus ring) using a method devised for the late stage of "Auto-Takumar 1: 1.8 / 55". Lettering on the Aluminium plate is marginally finer and has paler metal, if scratched. Early copies of Aluminium plate lenses may appear in Stage 2 as early as 1031xxx. Some copies also seem to have paler anodized aluminium focus rings. Stage 2: Lenses in batches 38-40 can be either stage 2 or 3A. (The earliest aluminium plated copy I have is SN 1557619. This allows at least 30,000 copies of 3B).
All Stage 4 copies (37800) and beyond have their model numbers inscribed into the back of their aperture switches making them readily identifiable. Worldwide magazine advertisements for the SPOTMATIC camera heralded the peak of popularity in 1968. They illustrate stage 5 (model 37801); the version produced in greatest number.
1.4 / 50mm Takumar Accessories
1964 - 71 (stages 1 - 6 cases)
Cases carrying the name of this lens were made by two makers and are distinctive. The name of the lens replaced the AOCo logo of earlier cases. The logo is not found on cases for stages 1-3. One maker used a rectangular metal strap anchor, a border around the edge of the hinge leather and blue-green felt lining. The other used a similar metal strap anchor with a curved outer side; no border on the leather hinge and bright green felt lining. Green felt became red well before Super-multi-coated lenses arrived in 1971. |
Stages 1 -2 cases were made by the first maker. The word TAKUMAR pressed into the top of this case is tall and fine.
The name on the top has a closed “4 “; “MADE IN JAPAN” framed in a rectangle is on the RHS of the hinge and silvered rivets in rawhide can be seen inside the cap. Except for the name of the lens on top this case is identical to earlier cases carrying the company logo (AOCo).
Stage 3 cases were made by the second maker. The word TAKUMAR pressed into the top of this case is similar but not quite as tall or fine, but the numerals “50” are slightly taller.
The name on the top has an open “4“; “MADE IN JAPAN” in a wider rectangle with rounded corners on the RHS of the hinge and black rivets in rawhide can be seen inside the cap.
The name on the top has a closed “4 “; “MADE IN JAPAN” framed in a rectangle is on the RHS of the hinge and silvered rivets in rawhide can be seen inside the cap. Except for the name of the lens on top this case is identical to earlier cases carrying the company logo (AOCo).
Stage 3 cases were made by the second maker. The word TAKUMAR pressed into the top of this case is similar but not quite as tall or fine, but the numerals “50” are slightly taller.
The name on the top has an open “4“; “MADE IN JAPAN” in a wider rectangle with rounded corners on the RHS of the hinge and black rivets in rawhide can be seen inside the cap.
Stage 4 cases
Cases carrying the name of this lens were made by two different makers and are distinctive. The distinguishing features of cases from each maker remain the same.
Both makers used similar bold new fonts TAKUMAR 1.4 / 50 and the AOCo logo returns combined now with country of origin as one message pressed into the base plate below the hinge. (On early cases the name of the lens replaced the AOCo brand.) The “4” remains “closed” despite being “open” on this and all future lenses. Black leather and (usually) black rivets show inside the caps.
Cases carrying the name of this lens were made by two different makers and are distinctive. The distinguishing features of cases from each maker remain the same.
Both makers used similar bold new fonts TAKUMAR 1.4 / 50 and the AOCo logo returns combined now with country of origin as one message pressed into the base plate below the hinge. (On early cases the name of the lens replaced the AOCo brand.) The “4” remains “closed” despite being “open” on this and all future lenses. Black leather and (usually) black rivets show inside the caps.
1966 - 71 Cases (Stages 5 - 6)
Cases named for this lens were made by two different makers and are distinctive. The features of cases from each maker remain the same. In this period Super-multi-coated lenses were anticipated and the same red lining began to replace the two greens, even for some Super-Takumars. Red lined cases replaced green and among them are these uncommon intermediate or transitional examples with AOCo and Japan brand on the side wall and rawhide inside the cap, or even the original silvered rivets.
Cases named for this lens were made by two different makers and are distinctive. The features of cases from each maker remain the same. In this period Super-multi-coated lenses were anticipated and the same red lining began to replace the two greens, even for some Super-Takumars. Red lined cases replaced green and among them are these uncommon intermediate or transitional examples with AOCo and Japan brand on the side wall and rawhide inside the cap, or even the original silvered rivets.
1972 – 75 Cases (Stages 7)
Cases were not made of leather after 1972 but stiff cardboard (?) instead, surfaced to imitate black leather. This case is taller and with time it's surfaces are completely covered by fine cracking compared with cases for Stage 5-6. The flex point of the closure characteristically loses it's black surface. |
Lenses with single-layer coated elements
Early Super-Takumars were made with standard single-layer coated elements (e.g. the bulk of 37101) including new models produced alongside the Super-multi-coated livery above.
37106 Super-Takumar 1:1.8/55 and 37802 Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50 were produced for the Asahi Pentax SL to be sold on the domestic market with open aperture metering.
37107 Super-Takumar 1:2/55 was produced for the Asahi Pentax SP500 to be sold on overseas markets with open aperture metering from 1971.
Early Super-Takumars were made with standard single-layer coated elements (e.g. the bulk of 37101) including new models produced alongside the Super-multi-coated livery above.
37106 Super-Takumar 1:1.8/55 and 37802 Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50 were produced for the Asahi Pentax SL to be sold on the domestic market with open aperture metering.
37107 Super-Takumar 1:2/55 was produced for the Asahi Pentax SP500 to be sold on overseas markets with open aperture metering from 1971.
Thorium coating
Lenses with this coating age yellow. To increase the transmission of light salts of Thorium were used in the late 1960's. Colouration is reversed simply by exposing the rear glass to sunlight (UV radiation). Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50 versions 37800, 37801 and 37902 use the coating. A number of other lenses also used the coating until it was discontinued. Like all elements Thorium has a rate of decay that in this case creates the yellow colour. Essentially, an electron moves from orbit around the nucleus with associated energy loss in the form of low energy beta rays allowing the atom to find its most stable valency. This process is reversible simply by exposing a yellowed lens to energy in the form of sunlight. This process is common to most things we touch. Ergo, the greatest damage this might cause is sunburn?
Lenses with this coating age yellow. To increase the transmission of light salts of Thorium were used in the late 1960's. Colouration is reversed simply by exposing the rear glass to sunlight (UV radiation). Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50 versions 37800, 37801 and 37902 use the coating. A number of other lenses also used the coating until it was discontinued. Like all elements Thorium has a rate of decay that in this case creates the yellow colour. Essentially, an electron moves from orbit around the nucleus with associated energy loss in the form of low energy beta rays allowing the atom to find its most stable valency. This process is reversible simply by exposing a yellowed lens to energy in the form of sunlight. This process is common to most things we touch. Ergo, the greatest damage this might cause is sunburn?
Finger grips and their decoration
Separate finger grips were added to focus rings of all Takumars in 1957. Initially, normal lenses received 12 finger grips and each contained 10 grooves (or 9 ridges). This design is common to early Takumars; like 10-bladed aperture iris mechanisms, but both changed as new types of lenses were made.
Focus and aperture adjusting rings on Kogaku-Takumar (M39) lenses for earlier Asahiflex cameras carried fine knurling. This knurling remained on Takumar aperture rings into the 1960"s until it too was replaced by finger grips on Super-Takumar aperture rings.
As Takumars evolve and change over the next fifteen years so does the size, number and decoration of finger grips on both focus and aperture rings. These characters can help separate original from non-original lenses and whether a lens is repaired or assembled using disparate parts.
The decoration used on rubberised SMC lens finger grips is a square mesh design introduced the early 1970's when the bayonet mount was introduced. All short lenses have five rows of squares; the SMC 1.4/50mm has six. Long SMC lenses with large rubberised grips have many rows.
I use simple formulae to describe this decoration in my own collection. F(10/12) is the initial Takumar focus ring formula discussed above (viz. number of grooves/number of finger grips). Aperture rings and their finger grip decoration develop similarly and can be described in the same way. For example A(10/10) is the number of grooves /number of finger grips, or aperture ring formula, on the first model of a Super-Takumar 1:2.8 /105. (Sliding a wooden toothpick across a finger grip aids counting grooves.)
Takumars vary widely between and within models and types in the stability of these formulae. Some are characteristically constant, but others change in complex ways best understood by examining my Collection, or Field Guide descriptions. Knowledge of these two formulae can be used for servicing or restoring lenses to an "original" condition. The differences between an original "transitional" copy (produced from parts belonging to successive models) and a post-production mosaic (re-assembled from parts belonging to another lens) are subtle and can be detected.
Separate finger grips were added to focus rings of all Takumars in 1957. Initially, normal lenses received 12 finger grips and each contained 10 grooves (or 9 ridges). This design is common to early Takumars; like 10-bladed aperture iris mechanisms, but both changed as new types of lenses were made.
Focus and aperture adjusting rings on Kogaku-Takumar (M39) lenses for earlier Asahiflex cameras carried fine knurling. This knurling remained on Takumar aperture rings into the 1960"s until it too was replaced by finger grips on Super-Takumar aperture rings.
As Takumars evolve and change over the next fifteen years so does the size, number and decoration of finger grips on both focus and aperture rings. These characters can help separate original from non-original lenses and whether a lens is repaired or assembled using disparate parts.
The decoration used on rubberised SMC lens finger grips is a square mesh design introduced the early 1970's when the bayonet mount was introduced. All short lenses have five rows of squares; the SMC 1.4/50mm has six. Long SMC lenses with large rubberised grips have many rows.
I use simple formulae to describe this decoration in my own collection. F(10/12) is the initial Takumar focus ring formula discussed above (viz. number of grooves/number of finger grips). Aperture rings and their finger grip decoration develop similarly and can be described in the same way. For example A(10/10) is the number of grooves /number of finger grips, or aperture ring formula, on the first model of a Super-Takumar 1:2.8 /105. (Sliding a wooden toothpick across a finger grip aids counting grooves.)
Takumars vary widely between and within models and types in the stability of these formulae. Some are characteristically constant, but others change in complex ways best understood by examining my Collection, or Field Guide descriptions. Knowledge of these two formulae can be used for servicing or restoring lenses to an "original" condition. The differences between an original "transitional" copy (produced from parts belonging to successive models) and a post-production mosaic (re-assembled from parts belonging to another lens) are subtle and can be detected.
Batches
During the nearly 20 year production run some 5,827 batches of M42 lenses were assembled.
I regard a group of adjacent Serial Numbers of the same lens a batch in a commonsense way. There is no basis for this in reality of course and it hides what may have been. Lacking further evidence, this is an important assumption underlaying this website. No serious conundrums have yet arisen from this assumption except when upgrades to a new model happen to combine old and new copies being assembled simultaneously in significant numbers. This results in my recording, probably artificial, consecutive little batches switching back and forth until the supplies of one are exhausted (e.g. during the changeover from Super-Takumar 1:4/150 (37400 to 43741). AOCo would have considered this mixing of new and old one batch?
The above assumes one assembly line in one factory, but multiple assembly lines sharing the the synchronous allocation of new serial numbers may have been the reality. I have no information about such complicating scenarios.
During the nearly 20 year production run some 5,827 batches of M42 lenses were assembled.
I regard a group of adjacent Serial Numbers of the same lens a batch in a commonsense way. There is no basis for this in reality of course and it hides what may have been. Lacking further evidence, this is an important assumption underlaying this website. No serious conundrums have yet arisen from this assumption except when upgrades to a new model happen to combine old and new copies being assembled simultaneously in significant numbers. This results in my recording, probably artificial, consecutive little batches switching back and forth until the supplies of one are exhausted (e.g. during the changeover from Super-Takumar 1:4/150 (37400 to 43741). AOCo would have considered this mixing of new and old one batch?
The above assumes one assembly line in one factory, but multiple assembly lines sharing the the synchronous allocation of new serial numbers may have been the reality. I have no information about such complicating scenarios.
Catalogue Numbers
Catalogue numbers in sales brochures are assigned to lenses by distributors for efficient ordering by customers. Honeywell Corporation used a catalogue number system in publications for the North American market.
Catalogue numbers in sales brochures are assigned to lenses by distributors for efficient ordering by customers. Honeywell Corporation used a catalogue number system in publications for the North American market.
Colour of lettering
Country of origin
All Takumars are manufactured in Japan. Text on front bezels of early Takumars states this clearly. As exports became global the statement "Lens made in Japan" appeared on Super-Takumars". In the mature market that followed success this was simplified again to "JAPAN" for Super-Multi-coated TAKUMARS and SMC TAKUMARS. The latter was adopted on the early K mount PENTAX lenses but dropped altogether for the M series PENTAX lenses because the world knew the origin of PENTAX is in Japan.
All Takumars are manufactured in Japan. Text on front bezels of early Takumars states this clearly. As exports became global the statement "Lens made in Japan" appeared on Super-Takumars". In the mature market that followed success this was simplified again to "JAPAN" for Super-Multi-coated TAKUMARS and SMC TAKUMARS. The latter was adopted on the early K mount PENTAX lenses but dropped altogether for the M series PENTAX lenses because the world knew the origin of PENTAX is in Japan.
Depth of Field Guage
All Takumars, except the original fish-eye (pancake) 18mm / f11 Takumar , have a depth of field (DOF) gauge to show the range of distances from the lens where the subject is focussed at the set aperture.
The ornamentation and design of these gauges evolved over time from the Asahiflex era. Each lens has its own design but shares features with others.
Some examples are:
All Takumars, except the original fish-eye (pancake) 18mm / f11 Takumar , have a depth of field (DOF) gauge to show the range of distances from the lens where the subject is focussed at the set aperture.
The ornamentation and design of these gauges evolved over time from the Asahiflex era. Each lens has its own design but shares features with others.
Some examples are:
- All Asahiflex lenses have symetrical DOF gauges. Some early standard Takumars began to use simpler DOF gauges with the largest aperture number placed underneath the central pointer, instead of being duplicated each side of the central marker. An obvious move to de-clutter the centre of the gauge when needed in the design of subsequent models until 1977.
- The central point of the DOF gauge on Asahiflex (Asahi-Kogaku) lenses is a red line ending in a small red triangle (on the standard 50mm), or circle (all other Asahiflex lenses). All the earliest M42 Takumar lenses produced from 1957 were given the red triangle (or "arrowhead" shape) except the 135mm, which retained the circle (or "lollipop" shape). The Auto-Takumars adopted either one of these, or both (e.g. 105, 135mm) using several different arrangements. The circle eventually dominated this stylist battle and became the central marker on the first generations of Super - Takumars. In the mid 1960's all were replaced by the familiar orange-coloured trapezoid (or "diamond" shape) in the second generation of Super-Takumars and all later models until 1977.
Language and Fonts
Initially, the english language used on lenses for export follows North American conventions because of early market focus. For example, "Meter" or "meter' but this is replaced by the abbreviation "m" with successful global marketing of Super-Takumars.
Lettering Font changes are common. For example one of the first changed the rounded font M for Meter to a squarish one. The "Asahiflex style" "rounded" M in "Meter" became a "square" font during the adoption of dual scales early in production of the first normal lenses. A rounded font M next to a square font F in Feet would not do.
Initially, the english language used on lenses for export follows North American conventions because of early market focus. For example, "Meter" or "meter' but this is replaced by the abbreviation "m" with successful global marketing of Super-Takumars.
Lettering Font changes are common. For example one of the first changed the rounded font M for Meter to a squarish one. The "Asahiflex style" "rounded" M in "Meter" became a "square" font during the adoption of dual scales early in production of the first normal lenses. A rounded font M next to a square font F in Feet would not do.
Infra-red marks
The first Takumar trial of this feature was on the standard Takumar 1:2 /58 (see lens page). The red coloured "R" with or without a red bar was not introduced until the Auto-Takumars arrived and then adopted generally in all Super-Takumars. The final form is a simple red bar on the LHS of the DOF gauge.
Until the final style was obtained the IR mark came and went as a option in depth of field design a number of times on different lenses types (see Takumar 1:3.5 / 135 (324))
The first Takumar trial of this feature was on the standard Takumar 1:2 /58 (see lens page). The red coloured "R" with or without a red bar was not introduced until the Auto-Takumars arrived and then adopted generally in all Super-Takumars. The final form is a simple red bar on the LHS of the DOF gauge.
Until the final style was obtained the IR mark came and went as a option in depth of field design a number of times on different lenses types (see Takumar 1:3.5 / 135 (324))
Maker's name
Product Number
Most Super-Takumars (and all their later versions) are known by a unique set of 5 numerals (Product Number). From 1965 product numbers were inscribed on the back of Manual/Auto switches of all future Takumar lenses. The (7 element) Super-Takumar 1.4/50mm was the first lens to have a product number (37800) on every copy. This means its earlier copies can be separated easily from the previous unmarked (8 element) lens of the same name whose final batches and serial numbers overlap it.
Prior to 1965 Takumar lenses were not labeled with their product numbers. In 1957 three lenses; the Takumar 100/3.5, 300/4 and 500/5 originally designed for the Asahiflex, have no product numbers. Only small numbers were produced and new models of the same or similar focal lengths quickly replaced them. All other Takumars have product numbers, except possibly the short-lived Takumar 1:2/100mm a decade later; but that may be because it was sold domestically and not well known.
The first product number, a unique combination of three numerals, was for technical use (to identify parts) in repair manuals. It was first assigned to the Takumar 1:1.9/83mm (322) during the production of the Asahi Pentax camera in late 1957, or early 1958. A supplementary system added a fourth digit during the development of new standard lenses in the early 1960's. The new product number system cleverly adds a digit to either end of 3 numeral product numbers making recognition of the succession simpler.
Separate Catalogue numbers for lenses exist in official literature to market lenses of the same name, globally. After 1965 other Takumar lenses with manual or preset diaphragms still lack inscribed product numbers. They retained their original three numeral product number, or an alternative five numeral version of it for uniformity of nomenclature, in literature only. Because the 5 numeral product number is not emphasised in official sales literature it seems to be intended for technical uses, only.
After 1965 all copies of new and updated “automatic” models were marked from the beginning of production. For existing lenses labeling was introduced some way into their production periods and early copies will lack product numbers. The following table indicates (approximately, according to observed Serial Numbers) how lenses were labeled with product numbers during the transition.
Most Super-Takumars (and all their later versions) are known by a unique set of 5 numerals (Product Number). From 1965 product numbers were inscribed on the back of Manual/Auto switches of all future Takumar lenses. The (7 element) Super-Takumar 1.4/50mm was the first lens to have a product number (37800) on every copy. This means its earlier copies can be separated easily from the previous unmarked (8 element) lens of the same name whose final batches and serial numbers overlap it.
Prior to 1965 Takumar lenses were not labeled with their product numbers. In 1957 three lenses; the Takumar 100/3.5, 300/4 and 500/5 originally designed for the Asahiflex, have no product numbers. Only small numbers were produced and new models of the same or similar focal lengths quickly replaced them. All other Takumars have product numbers, except possibly the short-lived Takumar 1:2/100mm a decade later; but that may be because it was sold domestically and not well known.
The first product number, a unique combination of three numerals, was for technical use (to identify parts) in repair manuals. It was first assigned to the Takumar 1:1.9/83mm (322) during the production of the Asahi Pentax camera in late 1957, or early 1958. A supplementary system added a fourth digit during the development of new standard lenses in the early 1960's. The new product number system cleverly adds a digit to either end of 3 numeral product numbers making recognition of the succession simpler.
Separate Catalogue numbers for lenses exist in official literature to market lenses of the same name, globally. After 1965 other Takumar lenses with manual or preset diaphragms still lack inscribed product numbers. They retained their original three numeral product number, or an alternative five numeral version of it for uniformity of nomenclature, in literature only. Because the 5 numeral product number is not emphasised in official sales literature it seems to be intended for technical uses, only.
After 1965 all copies of new and updated “automatic” models were marked from the beginning of production. For existing lenses labeling was introduced some way into their production periods and early copies will lack product numbers. The following table indicates (approximately, according to observed Serial Numbers) how lenses were labeled with product numbers during the transition.
Serial Number Prefixes
Prefixed serial numbers on lenses and cameras began as part of the Asahi Optical heritage from Asahiflex cameras and Asahi-Kogaku Takumars. As lens production rose towards a million (1,000,000) in 1963 and with ambitious plans for Super-Takumars in mind, AOCo removed prefixes from serial numbers in step with changes in fashion and for practical reasons. They remained on early S1a cameras long after they were dropped from all Takumars, but when the Spotmatic was launched in 1964 none were in use.
Takumar SN prefixes
All Takumars made before 1960 started production with prefixes attached to serial numbers. There were at least 3 or 4 styles.
The first style is "No". The next style uses the full stop indicating the abbreviated word nearer the letter "o" than the first numeral and then it moved to became equi-distant. Takumar 1:4 / 35 has fourth a distinctive prefix.
The Auto-Takumar 1:2.8 / 105 and 1:2 / 55 are the only lenses to use two prefixes (see below).
Serial numbers without prefixes began in 1960 with the Auto-Takumars 1: 1.8 -16/ 55 and 1: 2.2 / 55.
The Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 is involved in early trials of different prefix styles. It began production with one style and finished with another and used and a bolder font, overall. This trial occurred at the end of the production life of the Takumar 1:4 / 35 and suggests the "no stop prefix" it had used was rejected as unsuitable for continuation. The use of Takumar SN prefixes ceased soon afterwards. The Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 lost the SN prefix between No. 297403 and 297569 and lines on the DOF gauge started to become parallel from SN 297850 and were parallel one batch later on all copies from SN 301288.
Lenses that started production with a prefixed serial number lost their prefix, ending production with none. All short lenses lost their prefix well before SN 300000 and some longer focal length lenses much later.
Asahi Pentax SN prefixes
Asahi Pentax, S and K cameras continued the Asahiflex serial number prefix and numeral series. The S2/H2 and successive cameras up to the early S1a used the prefix until 7 digit serial numbers arrived and needed more space (on the late S1a cameras and all Spotmatics) from 1964 onwards.
Space saving, or modernity (?), banished prefixes before lens serial numbers in 1960. The Auto-Takumar 1.8/55mm (345) is the first lens to begin production without a prefix before the serial number and to place the SN before the name.
Prefixed serial numbers on lenses and cameras began as part of the Asahi Optical heritage from Asahiflex cameras and Asahi-Kogaku Takumars. As lens production rose towards a million (1,000,000) in 1963 and with ambitious plans for Super-Takumars in mind, AOCo removed prefixes from serial numbers in step with changes in fashion and for practical reasons. They remained on early S1a cameras long after they were dropped from all Takumars, but when the Spotmatic was launched in 1964 none were in use.
Takumar SN prefixes
All Takumars made before 1960 started production with prefixes attached to serial numbers. There were at least 3 or 4 styles.
The first style is "No". The next style uses the full stop indicating the abbreviated word nearer the letter "o" than the first numeral and then it moved to became equi-distant. Takumar 1:4 / 35 has fourth a distinctive prefix.
The Auto-Takumar 1:2.8 / 105 and 1:2 / 55 are the only lenses to use two prefixes (see below).
Serial numbers without prefixes began in 1960 with the Auto-Takumars 1: 1.8 -16/ 55 and 1: 2.2 / 55.
The Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 is involved in early trials of different prefix styles. It began production with one style and finished with another and used and a bolder font, overall. This trial occurred at the end of the production life of the Takumar 1:4 / 35 and suggests the "no stop prefix" it had used was rejected as unsuitable for continuation. The use of Takumar SN prefixes ceased soon afterwards. The Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 lost the SN prefix between No. 297403 and 297569 and lines on the DOF gauge started to become parallel from SN 297850 and were parallel one batch later on all copies from SN 301288.
Lenses that started production with a prefixed serial number lost their prefix, ending production with none. All short lenses lost their prefix well before SN 300000 and some longer focal length lenses much later.
Asahi Pentax SN prefixes
Asahi Pentax, S and K cameras continued the Asahiflex serial number prefix and numeral series. The S2/H2 and successive cameras up to the early S1a used the prefix until 7 digit serial numbers arrived and needed more space (on the late S1a cameras and all Spotmatics) from 1964 onwards.
Space saving, or modernity (?), banished prefixes before lens serial numbers in 1960. The Auto-Takumar 1.8/55mm (345) is the first lens to begin production without a prefix before the serial number and to place the SN before the name.
No (*See cutaway diagram p44 in H2 manual (E))
Takumar 1:2 / 58 (all)
Takumar 1:2.4 / 58 (all) Takumar 1:2.2 / 55 (all) Takumar 1:3.5 / 100 (all) Takumar 1:1.8 / 55 (all) Takumar 1:1.9 / 83 (all) Auto-Takumar 1:1.8-9 / 55 (all) Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 (First batches from No 15976*) Takumar 1:4 / 300 (all model I) Takumar 1:5 / 500 (all early model M39 converted to M42) Takumar 1:5 / 500 (last known No 209284) Auto-Takumar 1:2.8 / 105 (last known No 234646) Takumar 1:3.5 /135 (last known No 288838) Takumar 1:2.8 / 105 (last known No 289112) Auto-Takumar 1:2.3 / 35 (last known No 298072) Takumar 1:4 / 300 (model II last known No 418013) |
No
Takumar 1:4 / 35 (all)
|
(No. xxxxx ) or, later (No . xxxxx) wider spacing
Auto-Takumar 1:2.8 / 105 (last known No. 234781)
Auto-Takumar 1:1.8 / 85 (last known No. 250285) Auto-Takumar 1:3.5 / 35 (last known No. 292886) Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 (last known No. 209921) Auto-Takumar 1:2 / 55 (last known No . 297403) Takumar 1:3.5 / 200 (last known No. 549604) |
Manufacturing history
Sixty years ago Japanese industry used “Just-in-time” manufacturing. Toyota Motor Co. led the way in by assembling cars without stock-piling parts in warehouses. Asahi Optical Co. also appears to have used this method when making lenses. Evidence for this and other practices is shown in serial numbering and batch data.
Is your early/late Super-Takumar wrongly assembled? Relax,….. it’s history.
Asahi Optical Co. Pty Ltd. made Takumars using the method now known as "just-in-time" from early 1960’s. Spotmatic cameras and Super-Takumar production were export-focused and expanded rapidly into the 1970’s.
There is evidence here that first production copies of some Takumars (e.g. 37902) were given an early nameplate, one belonging to the previous version of the lens. The cause of this is the late arrival of parts from suppliers, and needing to meet production orders for shipping to overseas markets (even some test or presentation copies). Non-standard nameplates have been noted, also. Assembly lines were constantly juggling available parts to meet high standards of Takumar functionality, and markets.
People who own anomalous copies may feel they are somehow short-changed. On the contrary, these are important evidence of manufacturing history.
A few final copies of the first Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50mm, (yes, the famous 8 element lens), are known for an aperture ring intended for the next version because the originals were no longer made.
Expectations of a collector today do not always match the reality of manufacturing faced by AOCo. So treasure your historical lenses. The glass works perfectly.
Batches and serial numbering
Lenses of one type were assembled together in a desired quantity, or until parts ran out. Each lens was given a nameplate with a unique serial number. This created a certain number, or batch, of one type of lens with a set of successive serial numbers. Batches were small or large and many or few. Some lenses were made only in small numbers in a few batches, others, many thousands at a time in hundreds of batches over the period of their production. So contemporary lenses of all kinds were assembled in successive batches of different lens types within a train of increasing serial numbers.
Serial numbering gaps
Large and small gaps in serial numbers used are found when production ceased for factory construction or various other reasons as above.
Multiple suppliers
Lenses are assembled with many parts supplied by different manufacturers. The same part from different makers may differ in small detail. Lens cases, or focus rings, from a particular maker can be distinguished from another in this way (see 1.4/50 Attachments above).
Duplicate serial numbers ?
No cases of duplicate serial numbers are known with certainty. Twenty apparent duplicates have been recorded during data collection, but only on the boundaries of adjacent batches; few among the 65,000 lenses observed. Because they are of the same type (always found at boundaries) they may be observer error and thus ignored. In any case, they cannot affect any conclusions. (Nobody has yet claimed to have physically held two lenses that share the same serial number.) (I have also discovered that key-boards may mis-interpret what fingers-tips are trying to do. Unless one checks an entry).
Co-assembly
When two lens types were in co-production the train of serial numbers moves between alternating batches until the required quantities of each is made, or parts are no longer available. On certain occasions to complete a batch when supplies of parts were exhausted an alternative part has been used deliberately, or in error. Other types of irregularities do occur, some intended and some not.
A special case of co-production occurs when a model is upgraded. Alternating batches of the old and new models are created until the transition is complete. Some interesting effects were produced under arrangements in play. It is not known if more than one assembly line existed. A single chain serial assembly is assumed.
Irregularities
A range of irregularities exist; some intended and some not. They can be simple faults or obvious errors, perhaps motivated to avoid waste, or as a result of managed processes, but with quality materials and design the desired product is always a joy to use.
Among deliberate changes some ideas are pushed aside; some are kept and adopted. They are the essence of innovation. Others are fashionable whims or inspired by perceived technical problems, language or culture. It is surprising to realise how few "errors" were made in 20 years of manufacturing and the consistency and performance of (almost) 8 million Takumars in the screw mount livery.
A certain percentage of vendors who illustrate items for sale may obscure all or part of serial numbers.
Takumar 2.4 / 58mm
In 2017 members Pentaxforums found several aberrant lenses (SN 154623, 154662) in the “final” batch of approximately 100 lenses (see lens page) of the Takumar 2.4 / 58mm as it was being discontinued. It is suggested copies were assembled using bodies from the other more popular lens with which it was being co-assembled. (An assembly line cross over?) It seems the correct Heliar bodies were unavailable at the time or in very short supply because their manufacture had ceased. Only 3 single lenses follow this “final” batch (see lens page). The lenses were destined for export, having single distance scales calibrated in Feet, an important goal for the company at the time.
Sixty years ago Japanese industry used “Just-in-time” manufacturing. Toyota Motor Co. led the way in by assembling cars without stock-piling parts in warehouses. Asahi Optical Co. also appears to have used this method when making lenses. Evidence for this and other practices is shown in serial numbering and batch data.
Is your early/late Super-Takumar wrongly assembled? Relax,….. it’s history.
Asahi Optical Co. Pty Ltd. made Takumars using the method now known as "just-in-time" from early 1960’s. Spotmatic cameras and Super-Takumar production were export-focused and expanded rapidly into the 1970’s.
There is evidence here that first production copies of some Takumars (e.g. 37902) were given an early nameplate, one belonging to the previous version of the lens. The cause of this is the late arrival of parts from suppliers, and needing to meet production orders for shipping to overseas markets (even some test or presentation copies). Non-standard nameplates have been noted, also. Assembly lines were constantly juggling available parts to meet high standards of Takumar functionality, and markets.
People who own anomalous copies may feel they are somehow short-changed. On the contrary, these are important evidence of manufacturing history.
A few final copies of the first Super-Takumar 1:1.4/50mm, (yes, the famous 8 element lens), are known for an aperture ring intended for the next version because the originals were no longer made.
Expectations of a collector today do not always match the reality of manufacturing faced by AOCo. So treasure your historical lenses. The glass works perfectly.
Batches and serial numbering
Lenses of one type were assembled together in a desired quantity, or until parts ran out. Each lens was given a nameplate with a unique serial number. This created a certain number, or batch, of one type of lens with a set of successive serial numbers. Batches were small or large and many or few. Some lenses were made only in small numbers in a few batches, others, many thousands at a time in hundreds of batches over the period of their production. So contemporary lenses of all kinds were assembled in successive batches of different lens types within a train of increasing serial numbers.
Serial numbering gaps
Large and small gaps in serial numbers used are found when production ceased for factory construction or various other reasons as above.
Multiple suppliers
Lenses are assembled with many parts supplied by different manufacturers. The same part from different makers may differ in small detail. Lens cases, or focus rings, from a particular maker can be distinguished from another in this way (see 1.4/50 Attachments above).
Duplicate serial numbers ?
No cases of duplicate serial numbers are known with certainty. Twenty apparent duplicates have been recorded during data collection, but only on the boundaries of adjacent batches; few among the 65,000 lenses observed. Because they are of the same type (always found at boundaries) they may be observer error and thus ignored. In any case, they cannot affect any conclusions. (Nobody has yet claimed to have physically held two lenses that share the same serial number.) (I have also discovered that key-boards may mis-interpret what fingers-tips are trying to do. Unless one checks an entry).
Co-assembly
When two lens types were in co-production the train of serial numbers moves between alternating batches until the required quantities of each is made, or parts are no longer available. On certain occasions to complete a batch when supplies of parts were exhausted an alternative part has been used deliberately, or in error. Other types of irregularities do occur, some intended and some not.
A special case of co-production occurs when a model is upgraded. Alternating batches of the old and new models are created until the transition is complete. Some interesting effects were produced under arrangements in play. It is not known if more than one assembly line existed. A single chain serial assembly is assumed.
Irregularities
A range of irregularities exist; some intended and some not. They can be simple faults or obvious errors, perhaps motivated to avoid waste, or as a result of managed processes, but with quality materials and design the desired product is always a joy to use.
Among deliberate changes some ideas are pushed aside; some are kept and adopted. They are the essence of innovation. Others are fashionable whims or inspired by perceived technical problems, language or culture. It is surprising to realise how few "errors" were made in 20 years of manufacturing and the consistency and performance of (almost) 8 million Takumars in the screw mount livery.
A certain percentage of vendors who illustrate items for sale may obscure all or part of serial numbers.
Takumar 2.4 / 58mm
In 2017 members Pentaxforums found several aberrant lenses (SN 154623, 154662) in the “final” batch of approximately 100 lenses (see lens page) of the Takumar 2.4 / 58mm as it was being discontinued. It is suggested copies were assembled using bodies from the other more popular lens with which it was being co-assembled. (An assembly line cross over?) It seems the correct Heliar bodies were unavailable at the time or in very short supply because their manufacture had ceased. Only 3 single lenses follow this “final” batch (see lens page). The lenses were destined for export, having single distance scales calibrated in Feet, an important goal for the company at the time.
Auto-Takumar 1:1.8 / 55 (model 332)
The first Auto-Takumar is known as the "zebra". Alternate silver facets on the focus ring give it a striped appearance, hence the name. European makers used this distinctive decoration also but AOCo did not continue decorating any other Takumars. (After market "zebra" decoration not withstanding!).
The first Auto-Takumar is known as the "zebra". Alternate silver facets on the focus ring give it a striped appearance, hence the name. European makers used this distinctive decoration also but AOCo did not continue decorating any other Takumars. (After market "zebra" decoration not withstanding!).
Auto-Takumar 1: 2.2/55
Late copies of this standard were involved in a small experiment on the DOF gauge during the introduction of the red IR symbol "R". This is the second lens to introduce the R symbol following its (second generation) initiation by the super Takumar 1.8/55 (345-2). The idea of miniaturising the number following the decimal point (of the central numeral 2.2) to save space occurs from approximately SN 608146 to SN619705 as below. The abbreviation includes only some copies in at least four batches. The miniaturising idea was soon discarded and the IR marker introduced without it. I have not see copies with the red IR symbol "R" and a miniaturised decimal point numeral. The earliest copy with the IR marker I have seen is SN 610292.
Late copies of this standard were involved in a small experiment on the DOF gauge during the introduction of the red IR symbol "R". This is the second lens to introduce the R symbol following its (second generation) initiation by the super Takumar 1.8/55 (345-2). The idea of miniaturising the number following the decimal point (of the central numeral 2.2) to save space occurs from approximately SN 608146 to SN619705 as below. The abbreviation includes only some copies in at least four batches. The miniaturising idea was soon discarded and the IR marker introduced without it. I have not see copies with the red IR symbol "R" and a miniaturised decimal point numeral. The earliest copy with the IR marker I have seen is SN 610292.
Auto-Takumar 1: 1.8 / 55 (345)
The design of Type 2 followed the trial of a concave aperture switch on the Auto-Takumar 85/1.9. The idea was discontinued but not before it was trialled in this lens. A small number ( SN 366104 (see lens page) to SN 366221 approx.) were given concave ("double-chevron" switches). I have seen at least three from this batch since 2010.
The design of Type 2 followed the trial of a concave aperture switch on the Auto-Takumar 85/1.9. The idea was discontinued but not before it was trialled in this lens. A small number ( SN 366104 (see lens page) to SN 366221 approx.) were given concave ("double-chevron" switches). I have seen at least three from this batch since 2010.
Super-Takumar 1.8/55mm (model 345-5)
Missing letters or numbers are rare. A lens with a SN 1325257 abbreviated from 7 digits to six. (below)
Missing letters or numbers are rare. A lens with a SN 1325257 abbreviated from 7 digits to six. (below)
Super-Takumar 2/55mm (345-6)
This copy (SN 933143) was purchased from a store in Port Alberni, BC in 2015. It has a 1.8/55mm nameplate with yellow lettering in the manner of the standard 2/55mm nameplate. According to observed serial numbers it lies alone between two batches of co-assembled Super-Takumar 1.8/55mm (345-5). It may be a single oddity. No others are reported to date.
This copy (SN 933143) was purchased from a store in Port Alberni, BC in 2015. It has a 1.8/55mm nameplate with yellow lettering in the manner of the standard 2/55mm nameplate. According to observed serial numbers it lies alone between two batches of co-assembled Super-Takumar 1.8/55mm (345-5). It may be a single oddity. No others are reported to date.
Super-Takumar 2/55mm (37103)
This copy is missing the initial numerals in the correct serial number 2989023.
This copy is missing the initial numerals in the correct serial number 2989023.
Super-Takumar 1.4 / 50mm (358)
The appearance of this lens changed significantly from the development of the early Spotmatic camera and the maturing of Super-Takumar cosmetics (see lens pages and above). That aside, the most interesting manufacturing aspect is that DOF rings were exhausted when decommissioning. Modified rings for the model (378) replacing it were used in small numbers instead, showing a determination to meet quotas and /or limit wastage. Performance is unaffected and the substitution can't mislead but the change is noticeable and unsettling to some. It can be seen as special; an example of lens history.
The appearance of this lens changed significantly from the development of the early Spotmatic camera and the maturing of Super-Takumar cosmetics (see lens pages and above). That aside, the most interesting manufacturing aspect is that DOF rings were exhausted when decommissioning. Modified rings for the model (378) replacing it were used in small numbers instead, showing a determination to meet quotas and /or limit wastage. Performance is unaffected and the substitution can't mislead but the change is noticeable and unsettling to some. It can be seen as special; an example of lens history.
Tele-Takumar 6.3 / 300mm (model 363)
A missing zero shown below.
A missing zero shown below.
Super-Multi-Coated TAKUMAR 3.5 / 135mm (43542)
Some early copies of this lens were given available "Super-Takumar" (43541) nameplates instead of new ones. The correct nameplates arrived late in 3 batches of approximately 3,000 each, one after the other; but not before 4 intervening batches (approximately 3,000 copies) took the old nameplate to meet deadlines (see lens page). If you have one of these it is "just in time" history.
Some early copies of this lens were given available "Super-Takumar" (43541) nameplates instead of new ones. The correct nameplates arrived late in 3 batches of approximately 3,000 each, one after the other; but not before 4 intervening batches (approximately 3,000 copies) took the old nameplate to meet deadlines (see lens page). If you have one of these it is "just in time" history.
Super-Takumar 4/300mm (43891)
A simple medial capital crept into the name immediately after the 6x7 SUPER-TAKUMAR 4/300mm began production and confused the nomenclature while the Super-Multi-Coated TAKUMAR 4/ 300mm was still to appear. The names of all copies with serial numbers beginning 388xxxx, or 439xxxx are included. They are all final batches except two (397xxxx and 433xxxx; see lens pages).
A simple medial capital crept into the name immediately after the 6x7 SUPER-TAKUMAR 4/300mm began production and confused the nomenclature while the Super-Multi-Coated TAKUMAR 4/ 300mm was still to appear. The names of all copies with serial numbers beginning 388xxxx, or 439xxxx are included. They are all final batches except two (397xxxx and 433xxxx; see lens pages).
Pre-production copy; a prototype lens under development was often used to illustrate AOCo camera and lens manuals or sales brochures to meet deadlines. Given competition for sales was keen, it was a necessity to provide literature for world markets; using early prototype illustrations is a consequence of not having today's digital communications. It can lead to confusion.